I could point out that d/dx is defined with limits, the quotient of the horizontal and vertical displaccement in a graph, with the horizontal displacement going to 0. Since that limit process is kinda abrubt on the integers; 3,2,1,0,0,0,0... you divide by 0 and can get any answer you like.
Assuming the limit process is correctly defined for natural numbers...
How about this: let f(x) = x*[x], where [x] is the integer of smallest modulus which has greater modulus than x.
If x isn't an integer, f'(x) = [x]
OTOH if g(x) = x^2, g'(x) = 2x
So on the set of positive reals which aren't integers, f and g are differentiable and g' - f' tends to infinity as x tends to infinity, but f > g for all x. (*)
This is a demonstration of why your domain must be connected if you want differentiable (and indeed continuous) functions to behave themselves. For example, it's not possible to find two functions which satisfy (*) on all the positive reals.
I'm a litle bit in the dark on what you mean by modulus...[x] is usually the entier-function; [x] is the greatest integer no exceeding x (a sort of rounding down).