Originally posted by zeeblebotyeah bucky, the problem is they can't be made much longer than
what if you used a buckytube mesh?, then you wouldn't need a ton of wire ...
about a half inch right now. Thats why we aren't immediately pushing
forward with the space elevator also. Need thousands, hundreds of
thousands of miles of the stuff full strength, needs to be about 50
times stronger than steel to allow a space elevator to work.
Course with the ten mile mesh thing, it would not need anything like
that kind of strength so an intermediary bucky formation might work.
The only caveat there is it has to be conductive to allow the whole thing
to have a positive charge so that means if you have short sections
of bucky tubes, they would have to be bonded with a condutive
epoxy or something, but definitely conductive.
Originally posted by zeeblebotOh, sorry, forgot to mention. Ion Implanters (uh oh, another two hour
what did you do with ion implanters?, i've never heard of them ...
speech martha🙂 are the best so far technology to force ultra pure
silicon which is an insulator to be a conductor. Ion implanters generate
a beam of ionized arsenic, Boron, or Phosphorous (the big three, I call
them) and accelerate the hell out of them to about 500,000 mph and
they slam into the surface of the silicon wafer in a fair vacuum.
These ions penetrate the surface of the wafer and jumble up the
surface pretty good too (amorphisizes it). Then you take the wafer and
heat it up to about 900 deg. C for about 30 minutes and something
(to my mind, anyway) magic happens: the silicon surface and just
underneath forms back into a crystal but this time includes a few
stray atoms of arsenic or one of the other big three, only one kind
at a time of course, but an arsenic atom takes the place of a silicon
in its crystal structure and it acts like an electron way station.
Silicon holds its electrons darn tight, won't let any out but arsenic and
the others only loosely holds on to the outer electrons so they are free
to wander. So now the silicon structure has these interlopers that
don't mind passing electrons around so now the silicon is a partial
conductor, or "Semiconductor", not as good as a wire but a hell of a
lot better than the original silicon. Now you can do little tricks by
making gates and cliffs sort of, allowing electrons to go back and
forth, making it an oscillator, or using a small number of electrons
to control a big current, making it an amplifier, etc, etc,.and the rest
is history. So the ion implanter is a small particle accelerator but not
for electrons but for heavy ions. They get generated at one end, sent
through a mass analysis gate which only allows one isotope of an atom
to go through, then its accelerated like a bat out of hell and then
is scanned across the wafer like the electron beam inside a tv picture
tube or computer monitor (not an LCD or plasma, however).
That coats the wafer with the "dopant" and the velocity of the dopant
tells how deep the implant goes, that sets the conducting layer depth
so its very predictable and uniform so a transistor on the left side
gets such and such a conductivity and the same with a transistor on
the other edge of the wafer. The old way they did it was to put the
silicon wafer in an oven and heat it up with a gas like arsenic inside
and the heat would drive in the arsenic to give it conductivity but it
was not uniform enough from one edge of the wafer to the other to
make stuff that was identical, which is absolutely neccessary for
the modern world, so the ion implanter came to be. Thats about as
succinct as I can get and still get the idea across.
so do they use the implanters for wafer production now? the newer chips? ...
re buckytubes, i think they are considering using carbon composites with embedded fractional-inch buckytubes rather than a few long strands ... that used to be the idea, maybe it's different now ... i think some researcher was saying 20-25 years til they get an elevator up ...
Originally posted by zeeblebotYes to the Implanter question, the latest chips still use ion
so do they use the implanters for wafer production now? the newer chips? ...
re buckytubes, i think they are considering using carbon composites with embedded fractional-inch buckytubes rather than a few long strands ... that used to be the idea, maybe it's different now ... i think some researcher was saying 20-25 years til they get an elevator up ...
implanters. The biggest differance is the use of lower
acceleration voltages (the run of the mill older implanter can
give 200,000 volts of acceleration, thats where I got the 500,000 mph
number, arsenic accelerated to 200 KEV ends up at that speed.)
but the latest chips are very small in all directions so now they don't
need high KEV numbers, now 10 KEV or less may be used. The
higher the KEV of accel, the deeper the average implant. There
are still implants that use the higher KEV's and deeper implants but
for other reasons, like if you accel Oxygen ions to 200KEV you get a
relatively deep implant but now you also get a chemical change, it
forms a buried SIo2 layer (Silicon Dioxide, sand) which is an expremely
good insulator so you make a buried insulator layer which is useful to
keep electrons channeled in the left right back forth dimension
movement and stops the up and down so electons don't drain out
to a ground which could negatively effect the performance of a chip.
For a space elevator, buckytubes are very strong but you have to
either have a way of making them long in the first place or
be able to bond shorter sections together without losing strength,
not easy to do. neither one is being done at all as of yet.
BTW it is instructive to look at the periodic table.
Look at where Silicon lives in the IV column with carbon
on top and germanium underneath. All three of those have
been made into semiconductors. To the right is the V column
where Phosphorus, Arsenic and Antimony hang out and to the
left in the II column you find Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, and indium
any of the II column stuff will cause silicon to accept electrons and
the V column to grab electrons. They both cause conduction but
one makes electrons go, say, from left to right and the other column
to go right to left.
Hey Don,
What do we use to collect them in? By definition, they can't reside more than nano-seconds in our universe. Any force field we implement must be made of the proper "anti-forces", or the "anti-proton" becomes quark parts and tau neutrinos real quick. Space/time at the quantum level is far from neutral. Fortunately for existence!!!
Then we have to be able to "use" it in some fashion. Storing is seems like childs play compared to actually using it.
We are quite aways from "Anti" anything at this point. But there is no harm in trying everything. That is how we progress.
Originally posted by StarValleyWyWhat they are planning is an outer mesh charged positive, I think you
Hey Don,
What do we use to collect them in? By definition, they can't reside more than nano-seconds in our universe. Any force field we implement must be made of the proper "anti-forces", or the "anti-proton" becomes quark parts and tau neutrinos real quick. Space/time at the quantum level is far from neutral. Fortunately for existence!!!
The ...[text shortened]... ti" anything at this point. But there is no harm in trying everything. That is how we progress.
got that part, the solar protons go one way, anti protons enter the
mesh. The tricky part is inside there is another sphere with magnetic
traps that slow down the ap's and deposit them into a magnetic
bottle, they just careem back and forth against a closed up, for them,
magnetic field kind of like a fish trap, you know the kind that has
a small cone shaped entrance to a larger mesh, the fish have a
low statistical probablilty of finding the little hole to get out. So the
ap's are confined till they are needed and then herded down a
magnetic fence like cattle to a reactor that allows regular atoms to
collide with the ap's in a controlled way where the energy released can
be turned into heat or electrons or something that produces some
useful function. I had no idea there was so MUCH of this stuff so close
to earth, like between earth and jupiter or so, KILOGRAMS of it.
many kilograms. If it works out it changes the whole playing field.
One trip to Alpha Centauri=about 15 grams of AP. 150 grams, ten trips
or so. 1500 grams=100 trips, 15,000 grams, 1000 trips. and there
is a lot more than that out there. Jesus. 15 Frapping GRAMS= one
trip to Alpha Centauri! like a half ounce. 32 trips per pound. Hows
that for gas milage, eh! Lets see. Pints a pound the world around.
so 8 pints = one gallon. 32 times 8, 256 trips per gallon,
uh, thats 1.2 E 16 miles per gallon! 12000 trillion miles per gallon!
thats some potent fuel! Does that make sense why we would go to
such lengths to get it? makes the He3 hanging out in the moon's
regolith(our best fuel to get the easiest firing fusion reaction) look
like so much firewood.
actually if we had a reliable supply of anti stuff we are a LOT further
along with the design of anti matter reactors than fusion, fission or
anything else. There are already workable reactors just waiting for
an injection of anti stuff. We already know how to moderate the
reactions, absorb the energy, transform it into useful forms,etc.
The only thing keeping us from doing it now is the lack of anti-stuff
to work with. Thats why this project is so important. It could jump
start our space program by 200 years in one swell foop! And thats no
poop!
Originally posted by sonhouseI'm no particle physicist. But I kind of like how Einstein handled the "anti-matter craze". His line was that unless you view anti-matter as being constantly born or nothing, then it has been surviving by chance and the will of god alone. The point is that you take the idea for granted that there is "That Much" of the stuff. What is there ain't any? Or very little? Have they actually trapped and measured any yet? If so... how much and at what cost?
actually if we had a reliable supply of anti stuff we are a LOT further
along with the design of anti matter reactors than fusion, fission or
anything else. There are already workable reactors just waiting for
an injection of anti stuff. We already know how to moderate the
reactions, absorb the energy, transform it into useful forms,etc.
The only thing ...[text shortened]... nt. It could jump
start our space program by 200 years in one swell foop! And thats no
poop!
Originally posted by StarValleyWyBut thats the whole point of it being and advanced concept STUDY.
I'm no particle physicist. But I kind of like how Einstein handled the "anti-matter craze". His line was that unless you view anti-matter as being constantly born or nothing, then it has been surviving by chance and the will of god alone. The point is that you take the idea for granted that there is "That Much" of the stuff. What is there ain't an ...[text shortened]... ery little? Have they actually trapped and measured any yet? If so... how much and at what cost?
NASA wants to get to the bottom of it, does the guys concept hold
up in court? Can he prove it would do what he says? he may be as full
of crap as a christians turkey but look at what we get if he is right.
Anyway the actual amount is VERY small compared to the mass
of all the junk in the solar system. Like about 200 POUNDS total.
Its like the original ratio, one part in ten billion atoms or so is
antimatter. Thats what happened when our form of matter overtook
and won the matter-antimatter battle. It was due to some tiny
differances inside the atoms in the rules making matter vs anti matter.
The rules are just enough differant for matter to win out. That doesn't
mean there is zero antimatter left. Just a hell of a lot less of it.
But that hell of a lot less can give us an interstellar civilization for real
if that work holds up. The reason antimatter survives is there is a
hell of a lot more space than there is matter, the two can be swishing
around together and never touch, or only very very occasionally. Look
at all the satellites and space probes out there, very seldom do they
ever even get hit by ORDINARY matter much less antimatter.
Also if it IS hit by antimatter, its only one on one. That is to say
there is so few actual atoms of antimatter around, if it did hit, it would be one and only one antimatter atom up against one and only one
matter atom, tiny poof of gamma rays and thats it. A year later,
another one hits. Not a big deal in the big picture. Thats why
he wants such a large net. Not a whole lot of it out there, a few pounds
floating around in the whole solar system. But what a powerful few
pounds!