Originally posted by @eladar
What frustrated me when I started playing chess is that even when I tried to follow general good rules, I still got beat by people who broke those rules.
I suppose it was because I didn't understand the idea behind the rules. Of course my board vision was horrible and that doesn't help either. But still I think understanding the reason for the rule is more important than knowing the rule itself.
The problem you were suffering from is quite a common one, I think. I think that there are three basic ways people go wrong attempting to apply general rules:
1) The strategic objective of occupying an open file, for example, might not be possible straightaway for tactical reasons that a beginner isn't going to see because their ability to see forwards in the position is limited compared with a more experienced player.
2) Although putting a rook on an open file is good in general, it might not be particularly important in a given position, or even bad because the rook is needed elsewhere for some reason.
3) Some strategic advantages can quickly become disadvantages - space is a clear advantage, but a few exchanges can turn a spatial advantage into an overstretched position.
But I think BigDogg's point is the key one, the ability to see forward in a position accurately is the key skill in chess. Someone who can do that effectively but has no idea about "general rules" will be at an advantage against a player who has heard of all the general rules you refer to but can't accurately see the position ahead.