Originally posted by sonhouse
One question I have, if life started as a result of those hot vents, how could it have evolved to live at lower temperatures and different chemistry of the surrounding ocean?
I know of the theory that life started in hot vents but I think this would be very unlikely because molecules and membranes tend to be much less stable at higher temperatures and polymerization of organic molecules tends to happen more at lower temperatures. Much more likely I think that life started in a relatively cool tidal pool.
However, if life did start in a hot vent and evolved to survive there then, in answer to your question:
there is always a temperature
gradient and therefore an intermediate zone (a microenvironment ) between wherever it is hot, such as in a hot vent and where it is a lot colder, such as the cooler water and rock surfaces just adjacent to a hot vent. So, once the first living cells evolve to withstand high temperature of the vent, the ones that inevitably venture in the zone sandwiched between the hot and the cold zones, even if that zone in-between the other two is just, say, only one millimetre in thickness, will start to incrementally evolve tolerance to colder and colder temperatures and, as they do so, slowly push their way further and further towards the cold zone until they are able to tolerate and thrive in the cold zone.
But, personally, because I think life is more likely to have originated in a cooler environment, I think it is more likely it happened the other way around; first life evolved to thrive in relatively cool environment and then, via venturing into the in-between zone between the hot zone of the hot vents and cold zone of the environment adjacent to them, evolved the heat tolerance needed to survive in hot vents.