13 Jul 13
5 edits
http://phys.org/news/2013-07-interplanetary-precision-laser-mars.html
This laser ranging system should be a practical means to measure the distance between planets to an accuracy greater than within 1mm!
The only real catch is that you need the equipment to be at both ends of the distance you want to measure for this to work.
14 Jul 13
Originally posted by humyThey do this already with the moon. I believe there is a plack on the moon and there is a university that shoots a laser at this plack to ascertain distance.
http://phys.org/news/2013-07-interplanetary-precision-laser-mars.html
This laser ranging system should be a practical means to measure the distance between planets to an accuracy greater than within 1mm!
The only real catch is that you need the equipment to be at both ends of the distance you want to measure for this to work.
Manny
14 Jul 13
3 edits
Originally posted by menace71yes BUT, as the link I gave explains, that old type of laser ranging system used for the moon would not be practical for measuring the much greater distances between the planets. The new type they propose would be practical for measuring distance between the planets albeit with the the catch that you would still need to place equipment at both ends of the distance you want to measure. If you want to measure that distance without that catch, you could use radar. But radar would not give an accuracy of anywhere near within a fraction of 1mm!
They do this already with the moon. I believe there is a plack on the moon and there is a university that shoots a laser at this plack to ascertain distance.
Manny
14 Jul 13
Originally posted by twhiteheadThe laser source at the reflection end, say the moon, sends a signal back which deteriorates as 1/r^2. If the reflecting source is passive, i.e. a mirror, then because total flux the initial (earth-bound) source emits is distributed over a segment of the surface of a sphere, then the reflector only reflects ~1/r^2 of the emitted radiation, so when it gets back there is a 1/r^4 rule for signal strength (the inverse square law multiplies). When the reflector is active (in other words a powered laser) it produces a response signal that is as strong as it's designed to be and the returning signal is only degraded by 1/r^2.
Why the improvement from 1/R^4 to 1/R^2
Surely the lasers now travel half the distance so it should be 1/(R/2)^4 ?
14 Jul 13
Originally posted by menace71The problem is the corner reflector left on the moon is only about a foot wide at best. It does reflect photons from Earth but only a few photons reach the receiver telescope on the ground. That is good for a couple hundred thousand miles but would not return enough photons a thousand times further out. You would be lucky to get one photon per day.
They do this already with the moon. I believe there is a plack on the moon and there is a university that shoots a laser at this plack to ascertain distance.
Manny
15 Jul 13
Originally posted by DeepThoughtSo is it a quantum/wave effect? ie even light not travelling in a straight line contributes to the signal. Because if light travelled in straight lines that wouldn't add up.
The laser source at the reflection end, say the moon, sends a signal back which deteriorates as 1/r^2. If the reflecting source is passive, i.e. a mirror, then because total flux the initial (earth-bound) source emits is distributed over a segment of the surface of a sphere, then the reflector only reflects ~1/r^2 of the emitted radiation, so when it ge ...[text shortened]... al that is as strong as it's designed to be and the returning signal is only degraded by 1/r^2.
15 Jul 13
Originally posted by twhiteheadIt doesn't really matter whether you treat it as a wave or a collection of particles. It's essentially impossible to get a perfectly collimated beam of light. In a particle model the particle's headings will be distributed over a solid angle, so although the particles are contained within a fairly tight solid angle (think of a shotgun) the number of particles going through a unit area goes as 1/r^2. In a wave model you'll get diffraction from any finite size aperture and the intensity of the wave front goes as 1/r^2. The better the collimation, the larger the constant of proportionality.
So is it a quantum/wave effect? ie even light not travelling in a straight line contributes to the signal. Because if light travelled in straight lines that wouldn't add up.
The difference between the particle and wave model is that to get the collimation perfect for particles you need the aperture infinitely narrow to get all the particles moving the same way. For waves you need the aperture infinitely wide to avoid diffraction effects.
sonhouse is right, if the reflector were big enough then all the light would be reflected and you'd get 1/(2r)^2.
15 Jul 13
Originally posted by twhiteheadYes, here R is the distance to the plane rather than Mars. An infinite plane, strikes me as a little impractical though. You could use a disc with a hole cut in the middle, provided the diameter of the disc is big enough that it would eclipse the laser if the hole was filled in for any observer on Mars.
So if I placed a plane halfway between Earth and Mars with a 1m diameter hole, the intensity of light from Earth reaching a given spot on Mars would be 1/R^4 ?
15 Jul 13
Originally posted by DeepThoughtSuppose the observer on mars is a 1m diameter telescope. If we put a 1m diameter ball halfway between Earth and Mars then is the light that reaches our Mars telescope now more with my 1m diameter hole scenario?
Yes, here R is the distance to the plane rather than Mars. An infinite plane, strikes me as a little impractical though. You could use a disc with a hole cut in the middle, provided the diameter of the disc is big enough that it would eclipse the laser if the hole was filled in for any observer on Mars.
17 Jul 13
Originally posted by sonhouseInteresting and makes sense
The problem is the corner reflector left on the moon is only about a foot wide at best. It does reflect photons from Earth but only a few photons reach the receiver telescope on the ground. That is good for a couple hundred thousand miles but would not return enough photons a thousand times further out. You would be lucky to get one photon per day.
Manny
17 Jul 13
Originally posted by sonhouseI watched this talk on SETI:
The problem is the corner reflector left on the moon is only about a foot wide at best. It does reflect photons from Earth but only a few photons reach the receiver telescope on the ground. That is good for a couple hundred thousand miles but would not return enough photons a thousand times further out. You would be lucky to get one photon per day.
He says it is trivial to make a laser that can outshine the sun at interstellar distances in nano-second pulses. Surely with a 1m mirror on mars that would be more than sufficient to see the reflection?
17 Jul 13
Originally posted by twhiteheadAssuming the light source is less than 1m wide the light that would have illuminated the 1m target will be blocked. If the receiver is bigger than 2m, or the source is bigger than the ball, then some light will reach the receiver. To convince yourself draw the scenario, obviously not to scale, and draw rays going out from the source which just skim past the edge of the ball. This ignores scattering in the Earth and Mars' atmospheres.
Suppose the observer on mars is a 1m diameter telescope. If we put a 1m diameter ball halfway between Earth and Mars then is the light that reaches our Mars telescope now more with my 1m diameter hole scenario?