Originally posted by no1marauder
I don't wish to go on and on in an off-topic semantical debate. The logic sources and textbooks say "begging the question" is a fallacy. My dictionary defines a fallacy as "an argument failing to satisfy the conditions of valid or correct inference". Apparently I should have used the term "incorrect" rather than "invalid" to describe ...[text shortened]... a "correct inference" from the premises since it is not an inference from the premises at all.
Do these help any?
Appeal to Authority
(argumentum ad verecundiam)
Definition:
While sometimes it may be appropriate to cite an authority to
support a point, often it is not. In particular, an appeal to
authority is inappropriate if:
(i) the person is not qualified to have an expert
opinion on the subject,
(ii) experts in the field disagree on this issue.
(iii) the authority was making a joke, drunk, or
otherwise not being serious
Begging the Question
( petitio principii )
Definition:
The truth of the conclusion is assumed by the premises.
Often, the conclusion is simply restated in the premises in a
slightly different form. In more difficult cases, the premise is
a consequence of the conclusion.
Circular Reasoning: The fallacy of circular reasoning occurs when a speaker asserts a conclusion that is based on a premise that requires the conclusion to be true before it can be accepted. Officially, this is a syllogistic fallacy.
Ad Hominem: Ad hominem is a Latin phrase meaning "against the man." This fallacy should not be confused with simple name calling, which is normally not an "ad hominem" fallacy as much as it is simply "being a jerk." Nor should the ad hominem fallacy be confused with the legitimate challenge of an authority. If someone asserts a point based on their own authority, then it is very logical to call that authority into question. The ad hominem fallacy is the specific assertion that someone's argument or viewpoint should be discounted because of character flaws that have nothing to do with the arguments at issue.
http://www.datanation.com/fallacies/index.htm
http://webpages.shepherd.edu/maustin/rhetoric/fallacies.htm