Originally posted by sonhouse
How would the world today be different, just your opinions, if the communists had not taken over and China remained with an emperor? For instance, would Vietnam have gone communist, if not, seems like the Vietnam war would not have happened. That kind of thing, any ideas?
The imperial system was obsolete anyway by the time the Communists came to power, so it would been a nationalist republican government under Chiang Kai-Shek. You can see roughly what it would have been like from looking at Taiwan, which was ruled by Chiang; except that governing the whole of China would have been a lot harder than governing a small island.
So it wouldn't have been great, I suspect; some kind of right-wing tyranny, probably with nominally democratic institutions, would likely have developed. Holding China together would have required some fairly ruthless policies. Early postwar Taiwan's more draconian infringements of civil liberties were motivated in part by fear of the Communist mainland, but a capitalist China would I think have been afraid of the proximity of Soviet Russia, so the same sort of infringements would have been deemed necessary.
Having said all that a) I fail to see how anything as awful as the Cultural Revolution could have happened, and b) I think the chances of democratic reform in the last thirty years would have been quite strong. Also, having China on side would have usefully tipped the balance in the Cold War against the Soviet Union, which I think would have been a good thing.