Originally posted by @blood-on-the-tracks
This side of the pond, voltage is usually written as 'V'. I vaguely remember your lettering from physics classes many moons ago.
The rest of your post is gobbledygook to me. Difference is, I don't pitch in trying to engage you and others in conversation as if I have the slightest idea what it is all about.
And no one can take that away from me
I was trying to give you a small bit of the physics training I have had over the years I was in the ion implanter business.
God forbid you would actually google 'ion implanter' and learn a bit about what goes on in the manufacture of computer digital circuitry and analog electronics chips, and the role ion implanters have in that world.
If we use silicon wafers to make chips both digital and analog, silicon in its purest form is an insulator and we implant beneath the surface of those wafers ions we call dopants which turns the silicon into a semiconductor, and we get fairly close to the conductivity of copper wire that way but in tightly controlled depths, the ions we used for these dopant purposes are arsenic, boron and phosphorous. Ion implanters accelerate these ions to very high speeds which impact the wafers and jumble up the surface layers and when we heat said wafers up to around 1000 degrees C for a few minutes, a step called annealing, the dopant and silicon rebuilds the crystal structure of pure silicon (seems almost like magic to me) but now every now and again, a dopant ion is included in that crystal and now becomes a kind of way station for electrons, which in response to electric fields applied causes very controlled current flows, electrons flowing through the silicon wafer in ways impossible before the introduction of the dopant ions, like I said, the big three are arsenic, boron and phosphorous, one gives movement of electrons in one direction and another allows electron flow in the opposite direction.
It's not THAT difficult to understand.