Originally posted by whodey
Here is where the term "born again" originated.
John 3:3 Jesus answered, "Verily, verily, I say to you, except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. Nicodemus said to him, "How can a man be born when his is old? Can he enter the second time into his mother's womb?" Jesus answered, "Veriliy, verily, I say to you, except a man be born of u may be able to "feel" it but you cannot tell from where it comes or where it goes.
Anothen is translated by NRSV, NJB and YLT (Young’s Literal) as “from above,” not “again.”
According to the Friberg lexicon, “again” or “anew” can be used in the case of future time, and indicates repetition.
However, the verb here is in the past tense, in which case
anothen could also mean “from the beginning.”
The above-referenced translations choose the “spatial” translation perhaps based on the context of the
basileian tou theou.
“Again” grammatically seems to be the worst choice; and it is Nicodemus here who is thinking in terms of a second birth (albeit a physical one, unless, being a bright man, he is teasing at Jesus’ metaphor to see where it goes).
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The word
pneuma can be translated as wind, breath, spirit (or even, if one follows the Stoics, wind-fire). It is the translators choice in any given text. It is a theological choice when they choose different translations within the same text: as in 3:8*—or even 3:5, where most translations make it appear that water is just—water—but
pneuma has to do with spirit.
There are a number of options here: (1) water, too, might be taken as a spiritual metaphor (as fire is elsewhere); or (2) water could refer to the physical aspect, and
pneuma to the spiritual, both with regard to when a person is born (the “waters of birth” ); or (3) as it was later interpreted, water could refer to baptism, and
pneuma to receiving the holy spirit; or...
One should perhaps not be too rigid in one’s interpretation here, but allow the options.
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* I have rendered 3:8 poetically as follows—
Wind-fire where it wishes blows;
the sound of it you hear, but do not know
whence it comes nor where it goes—
those who are born of wind-fire wayfare so.
However, I have no objection to using the word “spirit” in place of the metaphor. Either way, it is about freedom of movement, in more than just the physical sense.