Originally posted by lucifershammer
1. Galileo.
2. Copernicus came up with the heliocentric theory. Galileo mainly did a PR job on it.
3. He was not tortured.
4. Learn your history. Seriously.
Indeed, Nicholas Copernicus came up with the idea. Circles are perfect, he thought, and god likes perfection. Was better than Ptolmy's epicycle notion.
Galileo didn't just do a PR job, he actually gathered evidence that Copernicus' idea was correct. He then wrote a book on it. The church were initially ambivalent about it, but later forced him to write a retraction of the ideas and also he was not allowed to teach the heliocentric theory. For an academic, that'd pretty much constitute torture!
Galileo was placed under 'house arrest' but, being far smarter than the guards, this was not much of a constraint for the G-man! It still wasn't good for him, and it seems likely he caught pneumonia at some point due to the poor conditions in which he was residing. Galileo was an old man, for the time, when he died, but it's a shame he was never allowed the intellectual freedom that he rightly deserved. For that, at least, the church HAS to take at least some of the blame.