Originally posted by divegeester
I think some readers mistake this forum as being a “love and peace” forum rather than the debating platform which it is; a place where (often strongly held) opinions are exchanged and nuances of the written word are examined and re-examined. To expect a forum about spirituality and spiritual beliefs to be a place of peace and harmony is naive in ...[text shortened]... g. That is my perception; I'll leave you to decide whether or not perception is reality. 🙂
Okay, you’ve piqued me (in a good way) to try one last shot explaining Zen (or at least its use of “riddling” language), which I really haven’t done in awhile. Hope you will bear with me. Then I have to go to the bookshelf, in part for a book I have by a well-known medical researcher/brain scientist called
Zen and the Brain—
I come here because I’m interested in people, what they believe and why they believe it. I come to argue and debate, to challenge and be challenged.
And that is mostly what this forum is about (have you been here long enough to recall the debate about removing “spirituality” from the Debates Forum, after which this forum was created?). I’ve spent most of my time here over the years in just the “cut and thrust” that you speak of.
One of the things that have been discussed in the course of debate is the use and limits of language. There is descriptive language: “That tree is green and tall.” There is propositional language: “There exists a non-dimensional entity separate from the natural universe.” There is the language of (deductive) logic: “Q iff P; not-P; therefore not-Q”. There is poetic language: “The force that through the green fuse drives the flower drives my green age” (Dylan Thomas). There is also parable (whether or not that is specified by the surrounding text), allegory, myth, etc.
The Bible, just to take the example with which I am most familiar, includes various kinds of language. Where it uses some form of propositional language, its claims can be tested both by applying formal logic (to see if there is a contradiction); where it uses descriptive language, that can be tested by appeals to things such as recorded history or observations of nature; where it uses poetic language—well, then things are more open, and you have to deal with metaphors, and the fact that any metaphor can have multiple referents and meanings (often intentionally so), and what aspects of that particular metaphor are more important (in context) than others. In any event, if one treats the metaphorical language of Thomas (above) as descriptive or propositional, things are apt to get a bit silly.
Part of the job of hermeneutics (methodology of interpretation) is to identify what kind of language is being used. A great deal of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy is about the errors that occur when language that is perfectly understandable in one “domain of discourse” (e.g., describing a natural phenomenon) is transferred to another domain of discourse (e.g., metaphysics). When this happens, Wittgenstein says that we can become “bewitched “ by our own language into thinking that we are still making sense. Wittgenstein is interested in more subtle examples, where even very bright minds can become confused, especially in philosophy. But here is a gross example, deliberately silly, to make the point:
“There exists a non-dimensional entity that is green and tall.” But—what about: “There exists a non-dimensional entity”? Or the same proposition using other words? [This says nothing about the existence of some being called God—but it might question whether some concepts of god are inherently contradictory or incoherent. And that is the level where much of such debate on here takes place.]
All of this can, of course, be applied to the Quran, the Upanishads, the Sutras, and any metaphysics.
There is another kind of language:
elicitive language. Elicitive language is not aimed at describing, explaining, proposing or arguing. Elicitive functions like pointing—“
That, over there!” Example— If someone asks, “What does a ditch-digger do?”, one way to answer is to describe and define what the activity of ditch-digging entails. The other way, if a ditch-digger happens to be in sight, is to point and say: “
That, what that guy is doing, that is ditch-digging”; this is called “ostensive definition”.
Elicitive language operates like that. It is often, though not necessarily, poetic. Zen language is mostly elicitive. As such, it attempts to point away from itself to some aspect of pre-conceptual reality. That is why it is so often riddling and paradoxical. It does not intend to point you to further concepts, ideas, beliefs—but to what precedes all that. (Various forms of meditation do the same thing.)
The form of most argument and discussion on here is concepts about other concepts; ideas about ideas; words about words; beliefs about beliefs; explanations of concepts, ideas, words, beliefs—and further explanations of explanations. All good, in itself. But we sometimes (I would say very often) forget what we are talking about, and—bewitched by our language—think that we are talking about reality itself. I have said several times on here that nobody here really argues about “God”—but only about this or that
concept or idea
about something they call “God”, whether that concept has an actual referent or not.
Some of this might seem trivial, and we know that really living may be much more about enjoying a glass of wine than all the philosophy in the world. And so we shrug, and say something like: “Yes, yes, I know that. You’re just being trivial.”
But what Zen says is that our very ability to perceive, clearly and vividly, reality-just-as-it-is—which, recursively, includes ourselves, in and
of that reality, even as we are perceiving—that ability, or that clarity and vividness, is diminished by the over-activity of our concept-making functions. Zen further says that more explanations, with more words and concepts, just makes matters worse. Where possible, Zen teachers (roshis) use physical actions to “shock” their students (usually one-on-one) with a kind of intense “ostensive definition” to—as Alan Watts once put it—get out of their heads and come fully to their
senses.
But, both because effective physical actions are not always available, and because people are hooked to words (thinking in words, talking in words) Zennists either recommend certain forms of meditation, or use
elicitive language, such as koans (and sometimes mantras).
Zen argues, and I think the neurological research backs it up (why I have to go to my bookshelf), that the diminishment I mentioned above is not just mental. So you can’t get to that clarity and vividness of perception (which includes all senses) just by acknowledging it, and sitting back with a glass of wine for awhile. [You will note that I also just sit back with a glass of wine for awhile. 🙂 ] The neurological effects of that over-functioning of the “left brain” have to be released. Zen teachers over time went to great lengths to develop techniques for that—some work for some people, some for others. Some work “with a bang”, some more gradually. And western methods, like Gestalt therapy, likely work just as well. I was originally attracted to the Zen language, and still find it most useful. Zen has been called a religion, a spirituality, a philosophy, a psychology—maybe it’s a bit of all of them.
Wittgenstein also distinguished between
saying and
showing.* When someone makes a propositional claim, we might ask them to
show it (rather than simply
saying it) by showing how it is logically noncontradictory, for example—or by providing empirical evidence, etc. The same with Zen: I can try to say what it’s about, or offer an elicitive-language/ostensive-definition to
show it. If you don’t get it, I might try again. You might become annoyed, and tell me that I’m just obfuscating.
But, as I wrote on the “anger” thread by Taoman, I now think that such
showing does not generally work well on an open forum like this (except in cases where the recipient already has some contextual background), precisely because the
showing is too de-contextualized. I have tried in the past to solve that a bit by using non-traditional koans in plain (or perhaps a bit poetic) English. But koans still have to be
engaged—which means that you’ve got work on it away from here, come back and ask questions, try again, etc. [Those are all general “yous”, by the way, not you specifically.] So I’m not sure that the simple
showing on here accomplishes much.
And I see no profit in annoying people. Now, off to the bookshelf to check those neurological claims. If I can find a case-story that better
shows how the elicitive language of a Zen “riddle” might work, I’ll share it.
After all this, I need a glass of red . . . 🙂
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* I am not making the exact same distinction that he did, however—before some Wittgensteinian jumps on me! 😉